RESPON TEMULAWAK (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) HASIL RIMPANG KULTUR JARINGAN GENERASI KEDUA TERHADAP PEMUPUKAN

ABSTRAK Penelitian mengenai respon temulawak hasil rimpang kultur jaringan generasi kedua terhadap pemupukan telah dilaksanakan di lahan petani Sumur Wangi, Kecamatan Tanah Sareal, Bogor dari bulan Oktober 2002 sampai bulan September 2003. Bahan tanaman yang digunakan sebagai benih adalah rimpang induk temulawak hasil kultur jaringan generasi kedua. Perlakuan yang diuji adalah : (1) tanpa pupuk (kontrol), (2) pupuk kandang kambing 1 kg/tanaman, (3) pupuk kandang kambing 2 kg/tanaman, (4) pupuk kandang kambing 1 kg/tanaman + pupuk buatan yaitu urea 2 g/tanaman, SP-36 1,8 g/tanaman dan KCL 2,7 g/tanaman dan, (5) pupuk kandang kambing 2 kg/tanaman + pupuk buatan urea 2 g/tanaman, SP-36 1,8 g/tanaman dan KCL 2,7 g/tanaman. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak kelompok dengan tiga ulangan. Setiap ulangan terdiri atas sepuluh tanaman. Jarak tanam yang digunakan adalah 60 cm x 60 cm. Parameter yang diamati adalah persentase tumbuh, jumlah anakan, tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, panjang dan lebar daun serta lingkar batang pada umur empat bulan, bobot rimpang per tanaman, panjang, lebar dan diameter rimpang, jumlah rimpang induk serta analisa mutu yang meliputi kadar air, kadar minyak atsiri dan kurkumin pada umur sembilan bulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah anakan, tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun dan panjang daun tidak dipengaruhi oleh aplikasi pemupukan. Respon tanaman terhadap aplikasi pemupukan berpengaruh terhadap parameter lebar daun dan lingkar batang. Selanjutnya pemupukan berpengaruh nyata terhadap berat rimpang, panjang rimpang, lebar rimpang serta jumlah rimpang induk namun tidak berpengaruh terhadap diameter rimpang. Kandungan kurkumin paling tinggi diperoleh pada perlakuan tanpa pemupukan. Kata kunci : Temulawak,  Curcuma  xanthorrhiza,  kultur  jaringan, pemupukan, pertumbuhan, produksi, mutu, Jawa Barat ABSTRACT Response of Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) derived from rhizome in vitro of the second generation to fertilizer aplication The experiment was conducted to study the response of temulawak derived from rhizome in vitro of the second generation to fertilizer application. It was carried out in a farmer field at Sumur Wangi, Bogor from October 2002 to September 2003. Plant materials used were obtained from in vitro rhizome of the second generation. Treatments tested were five level of manure fertilizer and artificial fertilizer : (1) without fertilizer (control), (2) stable manure 1 kg/plant, (3) stable manure 2 kg/plant, (4) stable manure 1 kg/plant + artificial fertilizer i.e urea 2 g/plant, SP-36 1.8 g/plant and KCL 2.7 g/plant and (5) stable manure 2 kg/plant + artificial fertilizer i.e urea 2 g/plant, SP-36 1.8 g/plant and KCL 2.7 g/plant. The experiment was designed using a randomized block design with three replications, ten plants per replication. Plant spacing was 60 cm x 60 cm. The parameters observed were growth percentage, number of tillers, plant height, number of leaves, length and width of leaves, stem coil at four months of age, rhizome weight, length and width, rhizome diameter and number of main rhizomes. In addition, quality analysis was also conducted on water, essential, oil and curcumin content, nine months of age. Result showed that fertilizer treatment did not significantly increase the number of tillers, plant height, leaf number, rhizome length and diameter compared with without fertilizer, but it significantly increased the leaf width, stem coil, rhizome weight, length and width and also the number of main rhizomes. The highest curcumin content was achieved by those without fertilizer treatment. Key words : Temulawak, Curcuma xanthorrhiza, tissue culture, fertilizer application, growth, yield, quality, West Java