GALUR HARAPAN TEMBAKAU TEMANGGUNG PRODUKSI TINGGI DAN TAHAN PENYAKIT LINCAT

ABSTRAK Masalah  utama  tembakau  Temanggung  adalah  rendahnya produktivitas yang disebabkan oleh mundurnya daya dukung lahan karena erosi dan endemi penyakit lincat (kompleks nematoda Meloidogyne spp, bakteri Ralstonia solanacearum, dan cendawan Phytophthora nicotianae). Saat ini telah diperoleh enam galur hasil persilangan dari varietas Sindoro 1 (moderat tahan terhadap Ralstonia solanacearum tetapi rentan terhadap Meloidogyne spp. dan sangat rentan terhadap Phytophthora nicotianae) dengan tembakau virginia yang tahan terhadap ketiga patogen tersebut. Evaluasi terhadap hasil, indeks mutu, indeks tanaman dan ketahanan terhadap ketiga patogen telah dilakukan di 3 lokasi selama tiga tahun dengan rancangan acak kelompok tiga ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada dua galur harapan yaitu (1) Galur A dengan rata- rata produktivitas : 0,880 ton rajangan kering per ha dan indeks mutu 40,28 indeks tanaman 35,47 dan kadar nikotin 5,52%. Produktivitas galur A meningkat 48,08%, indeks mutu meningkat 4,87% dan indeks tanaman meningkat 53,73% serta kadar nikotin menurun 15,06% dibanding varietas standar. Galur A memiliki sifat moderat tahan terhadap bakteri Ralstonia solanacearum dan toleran terhadap nematoda Meloidogyne spp. (2) Galur E dengan rata-rata produktivitas : 0,869 ton rajangan kering per ha, indeks mutu 36,01 indeks tanaman 31,87 dan kadar nikotin 6,00%. Produktivitas galur E meningkat 46,23%, indeks mutu menurun 6,25% dan indeks tanaman meningkat 38,12% serta kadar nikotin menurun 2,56% dibanding varietas standar. Galur E memiliki sifat moderat tahan terhadap bakteri Ralstonia solanacearum dan toleran terhadap nematoda Meloidogyne spp. Kata kunci : Tembakau,  Nicotiana  tabacum,  Temanggung, galur harapan, Ralstonia solanacearum, Meloidogyne spp, Phytophthora nicotianae, lahan lincat, Jawa Timur ABSTRACT Temanggung tobacco promising lines with high producti- vity and resistant to lincat diseased The main problem in Temanggung tobacco cultivation is low productivity which is caused by increasing land erosion and invasion of endemic disease called ‘lincat’. Lincat is a disease caused by a complex invasion of three pathogens i.e. Meloidogyne spp. (root-knot nematode), Ralstonia solanacearum (bacteria) and Phytophthora nicotianae (fungus). Hybridization between variety Sindoro 1 (moderately resistant to R. solanacearum but susceptible to Meloidogyne spp. and highly susceptible to P. nicotianae) and virginia tobacco (resistant to these three pathogens) has resulted in six lines. These lines were planted in three locations for 3 years and were evaluated for their yield, grade index, crop index, and resistance intensity to these three pathogens, using randomized block design with 3 replications. Two promising lines were resulted from this evaluation i.e. (1) Line A, that has productivity of tobacco sliced : 0.880 ton per hectare, grade index: 40.28 crop index: 35.47 and nicotine content: 5.52%. In comparison to standard variety, the productivity, grade index, and crop index of this line increased of 48.08%, 4.87%, and 53.73%, respectively, and nicotine content decreased of 15.06%. Moreover, this line is moderately resistant to R. solanacearum and tolerant to Meloidogyne spp. (2) Line E, that has productivity of tobacco sliced: 0.869 ton per hectare, grade index: 36.01 crop index: 31.87 and nicotine content: 6.00%. This line also has increase productivity, and crop index of 46.23% 38.12%, respectively, and has decrease grade index and nicotine content of 6.25% and 2.56%, respectively compared to standard variety. This line is moderately resistant to R. solanacearum and tolerant to Meloidogyne spp. Key words : Tobacco, Nicotiana tabacum, Temanggung, promising line, Ralstonia solanacearum, Meloidogyne spp., Phytophthora nicotianae, lincat land, East Jav