PENGARUH UMUR PANEN TERHADAP VIABILITAS BENIH SERTA HUBUNGANNYA DENGAN PRODUKSI TERNA SAMBILOTO (Andrographis paniculata Nees

ABSTRAK Salah satu faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap viabilitas benih sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata Nees) adalah waktu panen. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut kegiatan ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh umur panen terhadap viabilitas benih serta hubungannya dengan produksi terna sambiloto. Percobaan dilakukan di KP. Cimanggu dan Laboratorium, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Obat dan Aromatik, dari Maret 2005 – Maret 2006. Percobaan disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) dengan 10 perlakuan stadia umur panen dan 4 ulangan. Stadia umur panen yang diuji yaitu 18, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, dan 29 hari setelah antesis (HSA). Variabel yang diamati yaitu mutu benih (daya berkecambah benih, kecepatan berkecambah), pertumbuhan tanaman (tinggi tanaman, jumlah cabang), serta produksi terna (bobot basah tanaman, bobot kering daun, dan bobot kering batang). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Umur panen benih berpengaruh terhadap daya berkecambah benih dan kecepatan berkecambah benih sambiloto; daya berkecambah dan kecepatan berkecambah tertinggi didapatkan pada umur panen benih 22 dan 21 HSA (67,00 dan 55,00)%; sedangkan daya berkecambah yang terendah diperoleh pada umur panen 18 HSA (23,50)%, (2) Umur panen benih berpengaruh terhadap tinggi tanaman dan jumlah cabang pada tanaman umur 1 bulan. Tinggi tanaman dan jumlah cabang tertinggi berturut-turut didapatkan pada perlakuan umur panen benih 27 dan 26 HSA (39, 63 dan 36,58 cm serta 16,71 dan 16,61 buah); dan (3) Umur panen benih berpengaruh terhadap produksi terna (bobot basah tanaman, bobot kering daun, bobot kering batang) pada umur 3 bulan. Bobot basah tanaman, bobot kering daun, serta bobot kering batang tertinggi didapatkan pada perlakuan umur panen benih 27 HSA (291,25, 28, 27 dan 28,86)g. Bobot basah tanaman, bobot kering daun, serta bobot kering batang terendah didapatkan pada perlakuan 18 HSA (217,09, 22,10 dan 20,24)g. Umur panen benih tidak berpengaruh terhadap jumlah cabang pada umur 3 bulan. Kata kunci : Sambiloto, Andrographis paniculata Nees, umur panen, viabilitas, produksi, Jawa Barat ABSTRACT The influence of harvesting time on the seed viability and the  relationship  with  herb  yield  of  king  bitter (Andrographis paniculata Nees) One of the main factors influencing the viability of king bitter (Andrographis paniculata Nees) is appropriate harvesting time. Based on this problem a research was conducted to study the relationship between seed maturity and seed viability, and herb yield of king bitter. The research was conducted at Cimanggu Experimental Station and in the laboratory of Indonesian Medicinal and Aromatic Crops Research Institute (IMACRI) from March 2005 to March 2006. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with 10 seed maturity stages and 4 replications. Maturity seed tested was 18, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28 and 29 days after anthesis. The observations were made on seed quality (percentage of seed germination, and rate of seed germination), plant growth (plant height, number of branches) and herb yield (fresh herb weight, leaf dry weight, and stem dry weight). The results of experiment indicated that (1) seed maturity affected seed germination, and rate of seed germination of king bitter; the highest seed germination and germination rate were achieved by seeds harvested at 21 and 22 days after anthesis, (2) stage of seed harvesting affected on the plant height and number of branches at 1 month after planting. The highest plant height and number of branches were found on the treatments of seeds harvested at 26 and 27 days after anthesis, they were 39.63 and 36.58 cm and 16.71 and 16.61; (3) seed maturity also affected herb production, such as wet weight of plants, dry weight of leaf and dry weight of steam at 3 moths after planting. Wet weight of plant, dry weight of leaf and dry weight of stem were achieved at the treatments of seeds harvested at 27 days after anthesis, they were 291.25, 28.27 and 28.86 g. The lowest of wet of plant weight, dry weight of leaf and dry weight of stem were found on the seeds harvested at 18 days after anthesis. They were 217.09, 22.10 and 20.24 g. Moreover, the stage of harvesting did not influence the number of branches at 3 months after planting. Key words: King bitter, Andrographis paniculata Nees, seed maturity, viability, production, West Java