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PEMANFAATAN PUPUK HAYATI MIKORIZA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN TOLERANSI KEKERINGAN PADA TANAMAN NILAM
Author(s) -
MAWARDI MAWARDI,
MUHAMAD DJAZULI
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
jurnal penelitian tanaman industri (industrial crops research journal)/jurnal penelitian tanaman industri
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 2528-6870
pISSN - 0853-8212
DOI - 10.21082/jlittri.v12n1.2006.38-43
Subject(s) - horticulture , physics , biology
ABSTRAK Tanaman nilam (Pogostemon cablin Benth) merupakan tanaman atsiri utama di Indonesia. Saat ini sekitar 90% minyak nilam dunia dihasilkan oleh Indonesia. Produktivitas dan mutu nilam sangat dipengaruhi oleh faktor genetik dan lingkungan. Salah satu faktor lingkungan abiotik yang sangat berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi nilam adalah cekaman kekeringan. Sampai saat ini informasi mengenai toleransi nilam terhadap kekeringan masih sangat terbatas. Untuk itu, sebuah penelitian pemanfaatan pupuk hayati mikoriza untuk meningkatkan toleransi kekeringan pada tanaman nilam dilakukan pada kondisi rumah kaca di Balai Penelitian Bioteknologi dan Sumberdaya Genetika Pertanian pada bulan Januari sampai dengan bulan Juni 2003. Percobaan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) yang disusun secara faktorial dengan 3 ulangan. Faktor pertama 2 taraf aplikasi mikorisa masing-masing dengan dan tanpa mikoriza. Faktor kedua adalah 4 taraf cekaman kekeringan dengan tingkat pemberian air (KL) yang berbeda masing-masing (1) tanpa cekaman kekeringan (100% KL), (2) cekaman kekeringan rendah (75% KL), (3) cekaman kekeringan sedang (50% KL), dan (4) cekaman kekeringan tinggi (25% KL). Aplikasi mikoriza dilakukan 1 bulan setelah tanam (BST), sedangkan perlakuan cekaman kekeringan diberikan 2 BST. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilam yang diberi mikoriza mempunyai pertumbuhan yang lebih baik. Kekeringan menekan partumbuhan dan hasil tanaman nilam secara linier. Sebaliknya, cekaman kekeringan mampu meningkatkan kadar minyak dan patchouli alkohol daun nilam. Interaksi antara kedua faktor yang diuji terjadi pada parameter panjang akar total dan kadar prolina daun nilam. Keberadaan mikoriza di dalam akar mampu meningkatkan toleransi terhadap cekaman kekeringan. Kandungan patchouli alkohol daun tertinggi dijumpai pada kombinasi perlakuan aplikasi mikoriza dengan cekaman kekeringan tinggi (25% KL). Kata kunci : Nilam, Pogostemon cablin Benth, mikoriza, cekaman kekeringan, pertumbuhan, produktivitas, Jawa Barat ABSTRACT Use of mycorhiza bio-fertilizer in increasing drought tolerance of patchouli plant (Pogostemon cablin Benth) Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth) is a primary essential oil in Indonesia. More than 90 percent patchouli oil of the world is produced by Indonesia. Productivity and quality of patchouli oil are strongly affected by genetic and environmental factors. One of abiotic environment which has strongly effected growth and productivity of patchouli is drought stress. The information on the tolerance of patchouli to drought stress is limited. For that purpose, an experiment of the effect of mycorhiza application and drought stress treatments was conducted at a glass house condition in Indonesian Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Research Institute, from January to June 2003. A factorial experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replication. The first factor was 2 mycorhiza treatments namely with and without mycorhiza inoculation. The second factor were 4 drought stress treatments using different water application level (FC), i.e. (1) without drought stress (100% FC), (2) lowly drought stress (75% FC), (3) moderately drought stress (50% FC), and (4) highly drought stress (25% FC). Mycorhiza inoculation was applied 1 month after planting (MAP). While drought stress treatments were applied at 2 MAP. The results of observation showed that the inoculation of mycorhiza improved growth performance. Drought stress reduced growth and production components linearly. On the contrary, the drought stress was able to increase oil and patchouli alcohol contents in the leaf. The interaction between the two factors treatment was found on total root length and leaf proline content. The existing of mycorhiza in patchouli root was able to increase drought stress tolerance. The highest patchouli alcohol content of leaf was found at mycorhiza application and highly drought stress (25% FC) combination treatment. Key words: Patchouli, Pogostemon cablin Benth, mycorhiza, drought stress, growth, productivity, West Java

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