Induksi Kalus dan Regenerasi Beberapa Genotipe Gandum (Triticum aestivum L.) secara In Vitro

Callus Induction and In Vitro Plant Regeneration of Wheat Genotypes (Triticum aestivum L.). Atmitri Sisharmini, Aniversari Apriana, and Sustiprijatno. Development of a reliable in vitro plant regeneration procedure for wheat is a prerequisite for its improvement by genetic transformation. The purpose of this study was to obtain methods of callus induction and regeneration of wheat genotypes. This experiment was conducted at ICABIOGRAD. Immature embryos from four wheat genotypes, ie Perdix, Naxos Wew, Combi and Fasan were used to induce callus formation and regeneration rate of callus. For the preparation of callus induction medium, MS-L7 basal medium was supplemented with combination of growth regulators 2,4 dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) and 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (picloram). While, plant regeneration medium was prepared using MS basal medium supplemented with combination of three growth regulators i.e. IAA, BAP and kinetin. The results showed that genotype, in vitro culture medium and growth regulators played a dominant role in callus induction and plantlet regeneration. All the 4 genotypes responded positively to callus induction, however, variability was observed not only among the genotypes but also within callus induction medium used. The best induction medium was the MS-L7 basal medium supplemented with combination of phytohormon 4 mg/l 2,4-D + 2 mg/l picloram (GIK-3) which showed 100% callus induction frequency. Whereas, the best regeneration medium was shown by MS basal medium with combination of phytohormon 1.5 mg/l BAP dan 0.5 mg/l kinetin (RG3). Regarding plant regeneration, Perdix was the most responsive genotype to be regenerated with regeneration frequency of 57.33%. The successfully acclimatized planlets in greenhouse were obtained from Perdix and Naxos Wew genotypes. These results will potentially facilitate genetic transformation research of wheat in Indonesia.