Keragaman Karakter Morfologi Tanaman Ganyong

Morphological Characteristics Variability of Canna (Canna edulis Ker.). Edible canna (Canna edulis) is the potential source of foodstuf. Edible canna have high carbohydrate and nutritions. The starch of edible canna can be exploited as a food materials and for industry. Evaluation and characterization were needed to get informations on characters of edible canna for genetic variability to improve edible canna varieties. Indonesian Center for Agricultural Biotechnology Research and Development has two groups edible canna collection, they are red edible canna and the white one. The result showed that morphological characters of 27 edible canna accessions were not different in their qualitative characteristics. Similarly in their 23 white edible canna have no difference qualitative characters. The red edible canna having red color on part of shoot, while in white edible canna having green color. The tuber of red edible canna having pink color and white color for white edible canna. The different were in the flower of white edible canna, there were 17 accessions having yellow color and 6 accessions having orange color. The quantitative characters of flowering, leaf length, leaf width, total leaf and leaf stalk length have low variability (<10%). The characters of number of tiller per hill, tuber weight per hill and plant hight have high coeficient variability with the range of 14-21%. The tuber weight per hill had negative correlation with stalk length leaf and number of tiller/hill.   A bstrak Ganyong (Canna edulis) merupakan sumber pangan potensial dengan kandungan karbohidrat dan gizi tinggi. Tepung ganyong bermutu tinggi dan dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan makanan dan industri. Evaluasi dan karakterisasi ganyong perlu dilakukan untuk memperoleh informasi sifat-sifat unggul ganyong dengan tujuan dapat dimanfaatkan untuk meningkatkan keragaman genetik varietas ganyong. Plasma nutfah ganyong yang dikoleksi Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumberdaya Genetik Pertanian ada dua kelompok, yaitu ganyong merah dan ganyong putih. Hasil evaluasi dan karakterisasi terhadap 27 aksesi ganyong merah tidak terdapat perbedaan morfologis sifat kualitatif antar aksesi. Demikian juga pada 23 aksesi ganyong putih. Pada ganyong merah, bagian tajuk didominasi oleh warna merah, sedangkan ganyong putih didominasi warna hijau. Umbi ganyong merah berwarna merah muda dan ganyong putih berwarna putih. Perbedaan terdapat pada warna bunga, 17 aksesi ganyong putih berwarna kuning dan enam aksesi warna orange. Keragaman karakter morfologis sifat kuantitatif ganyong merah dan ganyong putih rendah (<10%), yaitu pada umur berbunga, panjang daun, lebar daun, panjang tangkai daun, dan jumlah daun. Nilai koefisien keragaman yang tinggi terdapat pada karakter jumlah anakan, bobot umbi, dan tinggi tanaman dengan kisaran 14-21%. Bobot umbi per rumpun berkorelasi negatif dengan panjang tangkai daun dan jumlah anakan per rumpun.