Open AccessCondom Use and the Risk of Recurrent Pelvic Inflammatory Disease, Chronic Pelvic Pain, or Infertility Following an Episode of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Author(s) -
Roberta B. Ness,
Hugh Randall,
Holly E. Richter,
Jeffrey F. Peipert,
Andrea Montagno,
David E. Soper,
Richard L. Sweet,
Deborah B. Nelson,
Diane Schubeck,
Susan L. Hendrix,
Debra C. Bass,
Kevin E. Kip
Publication year - 2004
Publication title -
american journal of public health
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.284
H-Index - 264
eISSN - 1541-0048
pISSN - 0090-0036
DOI - 10.2105/ajph.94.8.1327
Subject(s) - pelvic inflammatory disease , medicine , pelvic pain , infertility , condom , obstetrics , confounding , gynecology , intrauterine device , endometriosis , family planning , population , pregnancy , surgery , immunology , research methodology , genetics , environmental health , syphilis , human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) , biology
Among 684 sexually active women with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) followed up for a mean of 35 months, we related contraceptive use to self-reported PID recurrence, chronic pelvic pain, and infertility. Persistent use of condoms during the study reduced the risk of recurrent PID, chronic pelvic pain, and infertility. Consistent condom use (about 60% of encounters) at baseline also reduced these risks, after adjustment for confounders, by 30% to 60%. Self-reported persistent and consistent condom use was associated with lower rates of PID sequelae.