Open AccessUrban Heat Islets: Street Segments, Land Surface Temperatures, and Medical Emergencies During Heat Advisories
Author(s) -
Daniel T. O’Brien,
Brian Gridley,
Andrew Trlica,
Jonathan Wang,
Aatmesh Shrivastava
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
american journal of public health
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.284
H-Index - 264
eISSN - 1541-0048
pISSN - 0090-0036
DOI - 10.2105/ajph.2020.305636
Subject(s) - impervious surface , urban heat island , census , context (archaeology) , census tract , scale (ratio) , environmental science , geography , land cover , meteorology , land use , environmental health , cartography , population , medicine , civil engineering , ecology , biology , archaeology , engineering
Objectives. To examine the relationships among environmental characteristics, temperature, and health outcomes during heat advisories at the geographic scale of street segments. Methods. We combined multiple data sets from Boston, Massachusetts, including remotely sensed measures of temperature and associated environmental characteristics (e.g., canopy cover), 911 dispatches for medical emergencies, daily weather conditions, and demographic and physical context from the American Community Survey and City of Boston Property Assessments. We used multilevel models to analyze the distribution of land surface temperature and elevated vulnerability during heat advisories across streets and neighborhoods. Results. A substantial proportion of variation in land surface temperature existed between streets within census tracts (38%), explained by canopy, impervious surface, and albedo. Streets with higher land surface temperature had a greater likelihood of medical emergencies during heat advisories relative to the frequency of medical emergencies during non-heat advisory periods. There was no independent effect of the average land surface temperature of the census tract. Conclusions. The relationships among environmental characteristics, temperature, and health outcomes operate at the spatial scale of the street segment, calling for more geographically precise analysis and intervention. ( Am J Public Health . Published online ahead of print May 21, 2020: e1-e8. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2020.305636).