Open AccessHealth and Health-Related Resources in Newly Designated Federally Qualified Opportunity Zones: United States, 2012–2016
Author(s) -
Jana A. Hirsch,
Yongfeng Zhao,
Usama Bilal,
Kathryn M. Neckerman,
Yvonne L. Michael
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
american journal of public health
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.284
H-Index - 264
eISSN - 1541-0048
pISSN - 0090-0036
DOI - 10.2105/ajph.2019.305489
Subject(s) - public health , population health , life expectancy , treasury , incentive , environmental health , benchmarking , population , health care , health policy , business , medicine , geography , economic growth , nursing , economics , archaeology , marketing , microeconomics
Objectives. To characterize health and health-related resources in the new qualified opportunity zones (QOZs) relative to tracts not selected or not eligible for this federal investment incentive. Methods. We used tract-level data from the 498 largest cities in the contiguous United States (n = 24 409), categorized using designations from the Department of Treasury. We compiled data on population characteristics, health-related resources, and health from the American Community Survey, the National Establishment Time Series, the National Land Cover Dataset, and the US Small-Area Life Expectancy Estimates Project and the 500 Cities projects. We calculated means and SDs for ineligible, eligible (but not designated), and designated QOZ tracts. Results. In general, designated QOZ tracts had lower access to health care facilities, physical activity resources, and healthy food. They had a higher prevalence of unhealthy behaviors and worse health outcomes across most measures. Conclusions. By benchmarking conditions, we facilitate tracking and assessment of QOZ impacts. Public Health Implications. QOZ could spur unprecedented neighborhood change with substantial influence on health resources and outcomes. Public health collaboration and strategic local governance of QOZ will be crucial for yielding health benefits for existing residents.