Open AccessTriple negative breast cancer: special histological types and emerging therapeutic methods
Author(s) -
Lu Cao,
Yun Niu
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
cancer biology and medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.517
H-Index - 42
ISSN - 2095-3941
DOI - 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2019.0465
Subject(s) - triple negative breast cancer , breast cancer , androgen receptor , medicine , cancer research , pi3k/akt/mtor pathway , estrogen receptor , malignancy , progesterone receptor , epidermal growth factor receptor , cancer , oncology , bioinformatics , signal transduction , biology , prostate cancer , biochemistry
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a complex and malignant breast cancer subtype that lacks expression of the estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), thereby making therapeutic targeting difficult. TNBC is generally considered to have high malignancy and poor prognosis. However, patients diagnosed with certain rare histomorphologic subtypes of TNBC have better prognosis than those diagnosed with typical triple negative breast cancer. In addition, with the discovery and development of novel treatment targets such as the androgen receptor (AR), PI3K/AKT/mTOR and AMPK signaling pathways, as well as emerging immunotherapies, the therapeutic options for TNBC are increasing. In this paper, we review the literature on various histological types of TNBC and focus on newly developed therapeutic strategies that target and potentially affect molecular pathways or emerging oncogenes, thus providing a basis for future tailored therapies focused on the mutational aspects of TNBC.