Conceptual consequences of the structural-level approach to the analysis of professionalization

The purpose of this article is to outline the prospects for solving a number of conceptual problems in the psychology of professional and career development of a personality based on the implementation of a structural-level approach tothe analysis of this process. The article examines the grounds that determine the need and the possibility of developing a structural-level approach to the psychological analysis of the professional formation of a personality, reveals its content and main provisions. The necessity of using it to overcome the artificial opposition of ontogenetic and professional genetic approaches to the professional development of a personality is substantiated. The possibilities of the structurallevel approach are demonstrated on the example of studying the problem of periodization of professional development, the problem of the relationship between monocyclic and polycyclic in the course of professionalization, the problem of interaction between specialization and universalization in the process of professionalization, and the problem of classification of normative crises of professional development. Various types of periodization of professional development are analyzed, their weak and strong sides are identified. It has been proved that only level periodization reflects the real patterns of professionalization and is the basis for its diagnosis and design. The psychological content of polycyclic and monocyclic professionalization is clarified, their functions are revealed. It has been established that they complement and do not contradict each other, and their manifestation is closely related to the peculiarities of economic relations. It is shown that the psychological mechanisms of polycyclic and monocyclic are of a level nature. The psychological mechanisms of specialization and universalization are specified. It has been revealed that they are manifested at different levels of professionalization. The determinative basis of specialization is the person-profession system, and universalization is the person-world system. The approach to the classification of the normative crises of professionalization is analyzed. The contradictions of the existing classification are shown. It has been proved that there are two main types of regulatory crises: the crises of labor and the crises of the professional path, which refer to different levels of professionalization.