Prácticas filológicas en la edición de textos del siglo XX: experiencias de un grupo de investigación

In this article, we intend to show how critical editing of texts has changed over time and how philologist-editors have taken different critique, politic and social attitudes in the task of editing texts, taking into account their interests regarding the editorial project to be developed, the idiosyncrasies of the materials that make up the archive corpus, the commitment to the text and the reading that will circulate at another point in our history (literary and dramaturgical), among other aspects arising from the examined textual situations. We briefly discuss editorial theories and methodologies, seeking to show how the ecdotic method was transformed from the 19th to the 21st century, outlining contemporary philological practice in two aspects: platonic (teleological) and pragmatic (sociological) in paper and electronic support. To illustrate and comment on the editorial practice of 20th-century texts, poems, short stories, and above all censored theatrical texts, we bring a synthesis of the work developed within the Institute of Letters from Federal University of Bahia, in the research group that I coordinate, considering the editorial models adopted (digital facsimile, synoptic-critique, interpretive, critique, genetics, critical-genetics, electronic/digital [hypertextual archive or hyperEditing]), according to the critical, philological, genetic and sociological approaches. Also, we consider that critical-philological studies point to a particular theme selected by the philologist for weave comments and criticism.