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Periodontal Conditions of Sites Treated With Gingival Augmentation Surgery Compared With Untreated Contralateral Homologous Sites: An 18‐ to 35‐Year Long‐Term Study
Author(s) -
Agudio Giancarlo,
Cortellini Pierpaolo,
Buti Jacopo,
Pini Prato Giovanpaolo
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
journal of periodontology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.036
H-Index - 156
eISSN - 1943-3670
pISSN - 0022-3492
DOI - 10.1902/jop.2016.160284
Subject(s) - gingival recession , gingival margin , coronal plane , medicine , dentistry , surgery , anatomy
Background: The aim of this split‐mouth study is to compare long‐term (18 to 35 years) periodontal conditions of sites treated with gingival augmentation procedures (GAPs) and untreated homologous contralateral sites. Methods: Forty‐seven patients with 64 sites (test group), with lack of attached gingiva associated with recessions, were treated with marginal or submarginal free gingival grafts. Sixty‐four contralateral homologous sites (control group), with or without gingival recession (GR) and with attached gingiva, were left untreated. Patients were recalled every 4 to 6 months during follow‐up period. GR depth, keratinized tissue (KT) width, and probing depth were measured at baseline (T 0 ), 1 year after surgery (T 1 ), during follow‐up (10 to 27 years, T 2 ), and at the end of the follow‐up period (18 to 35 years, T 3 ). Multilevel and regression analyses were conducted. Results: At the end of T 3 , 83% of the 64 treated sites showed recession reduction (RecRed), whereas 48% of the 64 untreated sites experienced increase in recession. Treated sites ended with gingival margin (GM) 1.7 mm ( P = 0.01) more coronal and KT 3.3 mm ( P <0.001) wider than untreated sites. In grafted sites, KT at T 3 remained stable compared with T 1 value (4.1 mm, P <0.001). Conclusions: Sites treated with GAPs resulted in coronal displacement of GM with RecRed up to complete root coverage, whereas contralateral untreated sites showed a tendency to increase in existing recession or develop new recession during the 18‐ to 35‐year follow‐up.