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Associations Between Salivary Bone Metabolism Markers and Periodontal Breakdown
Author(s) -
Gursoy Ulvi K.,
Liukkonen Joonas,
Jula Antti,
Huumonen Sisko,
Suominen Anna L.,
Puukka Pauli,
Könönen Eija
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
journal of periodontology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.036
H-Index - 156
eISSN - 1943-3670
pISSN - 0022-3492
DOI - 10.1902/jop.2015.150399
Subject(s) - osteoprotegerin , osteocalcin , periodontitis , rankl , medicine , osteopontin , endocrinology , bone remodeling , glycemic , saliva , insulin , chemistry , receptor , activator (genetics) , alkaline phosphatase , biochemistry , enzyme
Background: A dual relationship between glycemic status and bone remodeling was suggested recently. The present study aimed to 1) analyze salivary levels of receptor activator for nuclear factor κ‐B ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin, osteocalcin, and osteopontin as potential biomarkers of alveolar bone loss and 2) determine whether the glycemic status affects the relationship between bone remodeling markers and periodontal status. Methods: Salivary levels of RANKL, osteoprotegerin, osteocalcin, osteopontin, and serum glycosylated hemoglobin A1c, insulin, and glucose were analyzed in 220 participants divided into four groups according to their periodontal health status: 1) 79 participants had at least 14 teeth with probing depth (PD) ≥4 mm (generalized periodontitis [GP]); 2) 65 participants had either two or seven teeth with PD ≥4 mm (two groups of localized periodontitis [LP1 and LP2, respectively]); and 3) 76 participants had no teeth with PD ≥4 mm (non‐periodontitis control group). Results: Salivary concentrations of RANKL, osteocalcin, and osteopontin were higher, and osteoprotegerin was lower in females than in males. Salivary osteoprotegerin concentrations were higher in the GP and LP2 groups than in the control group, whereas RANKL, osteocalcin, and osteopontin were not related with periodontal status. Salivary osteopontin correlated positively with serum and salivary insulin. The association observed between increased osteoprotegerin concentrations and periodontitis was lost after salivary insulin was included into the analyses as a confounding factor. Conclusions: Salivary concentrations of bone markers are either affected by glycemic status or detected at very low levels. These factors hinder their use as salivary biomarkers of periodontitis.