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Chlorhexidine Uptake and Release From Modified Titanium Surfaces and Its Antimicrobial Activity
Author(s) -
Ryu HyoSook,
Kim YoonIl,
Lim BumSoon,
Lim YoungJun,
Ahn SugJoon
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
journal of periodontology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.036
H-Index - 156
eISSN - 1943-3670
pISSN - 0022-3492
DOI - 10.1902/jop.2015.150075
Subject(s) - chlorhexidine , saliva , chemistry , antiseptic , titanium , biofilm , antimicrobial , nuclear chemistry , dentistry , peri implantitis , scanning electron microscope , adsorption , implant , microbiology and biotechnology , medicine , bacteria , surgery , materials science , biochemistry , organic chemistry , biology , composite material , genetics
Background: Decontamination by adjunctive antiseptic agents such as chlorhexidine (CHX) is often recommended for the treatment of peri‐implant infections. However, its action on the titanium implant surface needs further research. This study is designed to evaluate the ability of modified titanium surfaces to release chlorhexidine after periodic CHX exposure. Methods: Four titanium surfaces were prepared: 1) no surface treatment control (machined surface [MA]); 2) an acid mix of 10% HNO 3 and 5% HF (HNF); 3) resorbable blast media (RBM); and 4) sandblasting and acid etching (SLA). Each surface was analyzed using a confocal laser scanning microscope and a scanning electron microscope. Each sample was incubated with whole saliva or phosphate‐buffered saline for 2 hours. Measurements of CHX release were performed using spectrometry on days 1, 2, and 5 after 1‐minute exposure to 0.5% chlorhexidine digluconate solution during a 5‐day cycle. CHX‐releasing experiments were repeated three consecutive times for 15 days. The antimicrobial activity of CHX‐adsorbed disks was determined by a disk diffusion test using Streptococcus gordonii . Results: The CHX‐adsorbed titanium surfaces exhibited a short‐term release of CHX, and CHX levels dropped rapidly within 3 days. SLA and RBM with smaller and narrower depressions released more CHX than HNF and MA, specifically in the saliva‐coated group. The disk diffusion test revealed that after CHX uptake, saliva‐coated SLA and RBM showed the highest antimicrobial activity. Conclusion: This study suggests that CHX release is significantly influenced by titanium surface modifications and that SLA and RBM might provide effective CHX uptake capacity in the saliva‐filled oral cavity.