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Evaluation of a β‐Calcium Metaphosphate Bone Graft Containing Bone Morphogenetic Protein‐7 in Rabbit Maxillary Defects
Author(s) -
Buranawat Borvornwut,
Di Silvio Lucy,
Deb Sanjukta,
Nannmark Ulf,
Sennerby Lars,
Palmer Richard M.
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
journal of periodontology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.036
H-Index - 156
eISSN - 1943-3670
pISSN - 0022-3492
DOI - 10.1902/jop.2013.130159
Subject(s) - in vivo , metaphosphate , resorption , calcium , bone healing , dentistry , biomedical engineering , bone morphogenetic protein 2 , in vitro , chemistry , medicine , anatomy , pathology , phosphate , biology , biochemistry , microbiology and biotechnology , organic chemistry
Background: Calcium phosphate–based materials have been widely used as bone substitutes and more recently are being exploited together with growth factors as bone tissue engineering scaffolds regulating cell behavior. The aim of this study is to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo response to a newly developed calcium metaphosphate (CMP) bone graft, with and without bone‐stimulating growth factor. Methods: Porous scaffolds of CMP were developed and extensively tested in vitro. Subsequently, CMP grafts with osteogenic protein‐1 (OP‐1) (test) and without OP‐1 (control) were implanted into experimental rabbit maxillary bone defects. Animals were sacrificed at 2, 4, and 8 weeks, and samples were examined with microcomputed tomography (micro‐CT) and processed for histomorphometric analysis. Results: At 8 weeks, the scaffolds containing OP‐1 induced greater bone formation ( P = 0.018) than CMP alone, based on histomorphometric evaluation (percentage bone area: test: 57.1 ± 5.6; control: 49.4 ± 7.7) and micro‐CT analysis (percentage bone volume density: test: 63.46 ± 5.61; control: 51.20 ± 6.71). Thus, these data indicated that both test and control CMP grafts showed a good degree of bone formation. Furthermore, the CMP materials showed signs of resorption from 4 weeks, and no graft materials were observed at 8 weeks. Conclusions: In vitro, the OP‐1 loaded graft demonstrated a release profile and bioactivity over a 28‐day period. In vivo testing confirmed enhanced bone formation of the OP‐1 loaded graft after 8 weeks of healing.