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Saliva and Serum Levels of B‐Cell Activating Factors and Tumor Necrosis Factor‐α in Patients With Periodontitis
Author(s) -
Gümüş Pınar,
Nizam Nejat,
Lappin David F.,
Buduneli Nurcan
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
journal of periodontology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.036
H-Index - 156
eISSN - 1943-3670
pISSN - 0022-3492
DOI - 10.1902/jop.2013.130117
Subject(s) - saliva , b cell activating factor , tumor necrosis factor alpha , medicine , periodontitis , chronic periodontitis , interleukin , immunology , interleukin 6 , immune system , gastroenterology , cytokine , antibody , b cell
Background: B‐lymphocytes play a central and critical role in the adaptive immune response against invading pathogens. This study evaluates saliva and serum levels of APRIL (a proliferation‐inducing ligand), B‐cell activating factor (BAFF), tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), interleukin (IL)‐6, and IL‐10 in patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) or aggressive periodontitis (AgP) and periodontally healthy individuals. Methods: Twenty‐five patients with AgP, 20 patients with CP, and 20 periodontally healthy individuals were included. Smoking status was recorded, and all individuals were divided into non‐smokers and smokers. Saliva and serum samples were collected before clinical periodontal measurements. APRIL, BAFF, TNF‐α, IL‐6, and IL‐10 levels in serum and saliva samples were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Statistical analysis was performed using multivariate analysis of variance and bivariate correlation. Results: Serum and saliva levels of TNF‐α, APRIL, BAFF, IL‐6, and IL‐10 were similar in CP and AgP groups. Serum levels of TNF‐α, APRIL, and BAFF and saliva levels of BAFF were significantly higher in periodontitis groups than healthy controls ( P <0.05). Non‐smokers with CP or AgP had lower levels of saliva TNF‐α and APRIL and serum APRIL and IL‐6 than smokers with CP or AgP ( P <0.05). Saliva APRIL and serum TNF‐α and IL‐6 levels were significantly higher in healthy smokers than healthy non‐smokers ( P <0.05). Clinical periodontal parameters correlated positively with TNF‐family cytokines and negatively with IL‐10 ( P <0.05). Conclusions: Within the limits of this study, it may be suggested that elevated salivary and serum TNF‐α, APRIL, and BAFF in patients with periodontitis may contribute to the dominance of B cells in periodontitis lesions. Moreover, higher levels in healthy smokers than non‐smoking counterparts may play a role in detrimental effects of smoking on periodontal tissues.