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The Effects of a Novel Botanical Agent on Lipopolysaccharide‐Induced Alveolar Bone Loss in Rats
Author(s) -
Lee BoAh,
Lee HwaSun,
Jung YoungSuk,
Kim SeWon,
Lee YongWook,
Chang SunHwa,
Chung HyunJu,
Kim OkSu,
Kim YoungJoon
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
journal of periodontology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.036
H-Index - 156
eISSN - 1943-3670
pISSN - 0022-3492
DOI - 10.1902/jop.2012.120460
Subject(s) - dental alveolus , periodontal fiber , cytotoxicity , panax notoginseng , lipopolysaccharide , in vivo , tumor necrosis factor alpha , chemistry , pharmacology , fibroblast , periodontitis , mtt assay , grape seed extract , in vitro , immunology , medicine , biology , pathology , biochemistry , dentistry , alternative medicine , microbiology and biotechnology
Background: The development of host‐modulatory agents with low risk of adverse effects has been needed to treat periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory disease. A botanical mixture of extracts from two natural substances, Panax notoginseng and Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch, was developed as a novel botanical agent synthesized with anti‐inflammatory effect. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of the botanical mixture on the release of inflammatory cytokines and its inhibitory effect on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced alveolar bone loss (ABL) in a rat model. Methods: Cytotoxicity was assessed by 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2yl)‐5(3‐carboxymethoxyphenol)‐2‐(4‐sulfophenyl)‐2H‐tetrazolium assay using human gingival fibroblast (hGF) and human periodontal ligament (hPDL) cells. Human acute monocytic leukemia cell line and hGF cells were cultured to assay tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α and interleukin (IL)‐6, respectively. Microcomputed tomography analysis and immunofluoresence analysis were performed to evaluate the efficacy of the botanical mixture to inhibit the destruction of alveolar bone and connective tissue in a rat model. Results: The botanical mixture is cytotoxic at concentrations exceeding 2.5 mg/mL ( P <0.05). Based on the results from cytotoxicity assay, it can be determined that the pharmacologic ranges of the botanical mixture to be used in all subsequent in vitro and in vivo experiments. The botanical mixture reduced the release of TNF‐α and IL‐6 from human monocytic cells and hGF cells in a dose‐dependent manner ( P <0.05). The administration of the botanical mixture significantly reduced the alveolar bone loss in a rat model ( P <0.05). In groups treated with the botanical mixture, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐9 was detected along the alveolar bone crest (ABC), but not around the gingival connective tissue, while in the group with LPS‐induced ABL, pronounced expression of MMP‐9 around the ABC, periodontal ligament, and gingival connective tissue was found. Conclusions: The botanical mixture showed a potential adjunctive effect in the treatment of periodontitis. However, the present findings are obtained in vitro and in a rat model, so further clinical study is needed for its clinical application.