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Characterization of Five Different Implant Surfaces and Their Effect on Osseointegration: A Study in Dogs
Author(s) -
Coelho Paulo G.,
Bonfante Estevam A.,
Pessoa Roberto S.,
Marin Charles,
Granato Rodrigo,
Giro Gabriela,
Witek Lukasz,
Suzuki Marcelo
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
journal of periodontology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.036
H-Index - 156
eISSN - 1943-3670
pISSN - 0022-3492
DOI - 10.1902/jop.2010.100520
Subject(s) - osseointegration , implant , surface roughness , x ray photoelectron spectroscopy , rock blasting , materials science , peri implantitis , chemistry , biomedical engineering , composite material , medicine , surgery , chemical engineering , geotechnical engineering , engineering
Background: Chemical modification of implant surface is typically associated with surface topographic alterations that may affect early osseointegration. This study investigates the effects of controlled surface alterations in early osseointegration in an animal model. Methods: Five implant surfaces were evaluated: 1) alumina‐blasting, 2) biologic blasting, 3) plasma, 4) microblasted resorbable blasting media (microblasted RBM), and 5) alumina‐blasting/acid‐etched (AB/AE). Surface topography was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and optical interferometry, and chemical assessment by x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The implants were placed in the radius of six dogs, remaining 2 and 4 weeks in vivo. After euthanization, specimens were torqued‐to‐interface failure and non‐decalcified‐processed for histomorphologic bone–implant contact, and bone area fraction–occupied evaluation. Statistical evaluation was performed by one‐way analysis of variance ( P <0.05) and post hoc testing by the Tukey test. Results: The alumina‐blasting surface presented the highest average surface roughness and mean root square of the surface values, the biologic blasting the lowest, and AB/AE an intermediate value. The remaining surfaces presented intermediate values between the biologic blasting and AB/AE. The x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra revealed calcium and phosphorus for the biologic blasting and microblasted RBM surfaces, and the highest oxygen levels for the plasma, microblasted RBM, and AB/AE surfaces. Significantly higher torque was observed at 2 weeks for the microblasted RBM surface ( P <0.04), but no differences existed between surfaces at 4 weeks ( P >0.74). No significant differences in bone–implant contact and bone area fraction–occupied values were observed at 2 and 4 weeks. Conclusion: The five surfaces were osteoconductive and resulted in high degrees of osseointegration and biomechanical fixation.