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Salivary‐Soluble CD44 Levels in Smokers and Non‐Smokers With Chronic Periodontitis: A Pilot Study
Author(s) -
Ghallab Noha,
Shaker Olfat
Publication year - 2010
Publication title -
journal of periodontology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.036
H-Index - 156
eISSN - 1943-3670
pISSN - 0022-3492
DOI - 10.1902/jop.2010.090630
Subject(s) - medicine , chronic periodontitis , periodontitis , saliva , gastroenterology , biomarker , dentistry , biochemistry , chemistry
Background: Smoking is the most important environmental risk factor for periodontal disease. Elevated levels of serum‐soluble CD44 (sCD44) have been detected in smokers and also have been recognized as a diagnostic marker in some smoking‐induced diseases. The present study investigates the salivary sCD44 profiles of smokers and non‐smokers with and without chronic periodontitis in response to scaling and root planing (SRP). Methods: The study included 44 subjects divided into two groups: 22 patients with chronic periodontitis and 22 periodontally healthy subjects. Both groups were equally subdivided into smokers (n = 11) and non‐smokers (n = 11). Plaque index, gingival index, probing depth, and clinical attachment level were recorded only for chronic periodontitis patients. Salivary samples were collected from all 44 patients at baseline and after 1 month of SRP from the 22 chronic periodontitis patients. Assay for salivary sCD44 was carried out by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Baseline salivary sCD44 profiles were significantly higher when smokers were compared to non‐smokers in both chronic periodontitis patients and the control subjects ( P <0.001) with the highest levels recorded in smokers within the chronic periodontitis group. There was a significant decline in salivary sCD44 levels after treatment in the chronic periodontitis group for both smokers and non‐smokers ( P <0.01); however, the difference between groups was insignificant. Conclusions: Salivary sCD44 might be considered a biomarker of periodontal destruction in smokers and non‐smokers. The research opens the door to further research into a role for CD44 as a diagnostic marker for periodontitis.