Premium
Interleukin‐1 Gene Cluster Polymorphisms Associated With Periodontal Disease in Type 2 Diabetes
Author(s) -
López Néstor J.,
Valenzuela Carlos Y.,
Jara Lilian
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
journal of periodontology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.036
H-Index - 156
eISSN - 1943-3670
pISSN - 0022-3492
DOI - 10.1902/jop.2009.090134
Subject(s) - periodontitis , diabetes mellitus , medicine , odds ratio , chronic periodontitis , genotype , gastroenterology , type 2 diabetes , immunology , endocrinology , biology , gene , genetics
Background: Epidemiologic studies have shown an increased frequency, severity, and risk of periodontitis in patients with diabetes. Periodontitis is associated with certain interleukin (IL)‐1 gene cluster polymorphisms. Diabetes is a proinflammatory state with increased levels of circulating cytokines suggesting a causal role for inflammation in its etiology. Common genetic factors may be involved in the susceptibility for diabetes and periodontitis. We evaluated the relationships among IL‐1 gene polymorphisms, type 2 diabetes, and periodontitis. Methods: One hundred twelve patients with diabetes and chronic periodontitis, 224 patients without diabetes but with chronic periodontitis, and 208 healthy subjects without periodontitis were studied. All received a clinical periodontal examination and assessment of standard periodontal parameters. IL‐1A −889, −1B +3954, and −1B −511 polymorphisms were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification followed by restriction enzyme digestion and gel electrophoresis. Variable numbers of IL‐1RN tandem repeats were detected by PCR amplification and fragment‐size analysis. Results: The severity and extent of periodontitis was significantly greater in patients with diabetes than in patients without diabetes. No significant differences in IL‐1A −899, −1B +3954, or −1RN genotype frequencies were found between patients with diabetes and patients without diabetes. The IL‐1A −889 TT genotype (odds ratio [OR] = 2.90; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.20 to 7.02), IL‐1B +3954 TT genotype (OR = 3.54; 95% CI = 1.15 to 10.85), and IL‐1B −511 CC genotype (OR = 2.10; 95% CI = 1.25 to 3.58) were significantly associated with periodontitis. The presence of an IL‐1 positive genotype was significantly associated with periodontitis (OR = 1.61; 95% CI = 1.04 to 2.49). No interaction between smoking status and polymorphisms was found. Conclusions: Periodontitis was significantly associated with some IL‐1 gene polymorphisms. No association between diabetes and IL‐1A and −1B gene polymorphisms was found.