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Bone Remodeling Biomarkers of Periodontal Disease in Saliva
Author(s) -
Frodge Brandon D.,
Ebersole Jeffrey L.,
Kryscio Richard J.,
Thomas Mark V.,
Miller Craig S.
Publication year - 2008
Publication title -
journal of periodontology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.036
H-Index - 156
eISSN - 1943-3670
pISSN - 0022-3492
DOI - 10.1902/jop.2008.080070
Subject(s) - saliva , medicine , rankl , periodontitis , n terminal telopeptide , bleeding on probing , osteoprotegerin , bone remodeling , biomarker , bone resorption , pyridinoline , tumor necrosis factor alpha , chronic periodontitis , gastroenterology , endocrinology , receptor , activator (genetics) , osteocalcin , alkaline phosphatase , chemistry , biochemistry , enzyme
Background: Tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), C‐telopeptide pyridinoline cross‐links of type I collagen (ICTP), and receptor activator of nuclear factor‐kappa B ligand (RANKL) have been associated with bone remodeling and periodontal tissue destruction. This study evaluated the level of these biomarkers in saliva with respect to periodontal disease status. Methods: Levels of TNF‐α in unstimulated whole saliva of 74 adults (35 subjects with moderate to severe periodontal disease and 39 healthy controls) and salivary levels of RANKL and ICTP of a subset of 21 subjects and 21 matched controls were examined using enzyme immunosorbent assays in a case‐control clinical study. Results: Salivary levels of TNF‐α were detected in all subjects, whereas levels of ICTP and RANKL were detected in only a minority of subjects. Mean salivary levels of TNF‐α were significantly higher in individuals with periodontal disease (mean: 4.33 pg/ml) than in controls (mean: 2.03 pg/ml; P = 0.02), with a maximum level (27.96 pg/ml) observed in periodontitis. Subjects with salivary TNF‐α levels above a threshold of 5.75 pg/ml (i.e., two standard deviations above the mean of the controls) had significantly more sites with bleeding on probing, probing depths ≥4 mm, and attachment loss ≥2 mm ( P ≤0.01). Conclusion: Salivary levels of TNF‐α were elevated in patients who had clinical indicators of periodontitis, suggesting that this biomarker may serve in a panel of salivary biomarkers that could facilitate the screening, diagnosis, and management of periodontal disease.