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Stromal‐Derived Factor‐1α (CXCL12) Levels Increase in Periodontal Disease
Author(s) -
Havens Aaron M.,
Chiu Evonne,
Taba Mario,
Wang Jincheng,
Shiozawa Yusuke,
Jung Younghun,
Taichman L. Susan,
D'Silva Nisha J.,
Gopalakrishnan R.,
Wang CunYu,
Giannobile William V.,
Taichman Russell S.
Publication year - 2008
Publication title -
journal of periodontology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.036
H-Index - 156
eISSN - 1943-3670
pISSN - 0022-3492
DOI - 10.1902/jop.2008.070514
Subject(s) - porphyromonas gingivalis , cxc chemokine receptors , chemokine , periodontitis , stromal cell , immune system , inflammation , stromal cell derived factor 1 , medicine , immunology , cxcr4 , chemokine receptor , pathology
Background: The CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) and its ligand, stromal cell–derived factor‐1 (SDF‐1α or CXC chemokine ligand 12) are involved in the trafficking of leukocytes into and out of extravascular tissues. The purpose of this study was to determine whether SDF‐1α secreted by host cells plays a role in recruiting inflammatory cells into the periodontia during local inflammation. Methods: SDF‐1α levels were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of 24 individuals with periodontitis versus healthy individuals in tissue biopsies and in a preclinical rat model of Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide–induced experimental bone loss. Neutrophil chemotaxis assays were also used to evaluate whether SDF‐1α plays a role in the recruitment of host cells at periodontal lesions. Results: Subjects with periodontal disease had higher levels of SDF‐1α in their GCF compared to healthy subjects. Subjects with periodontal disease who underwent mechanical therapy demonstrated decreased levels of SDF‐1α. Immunohistologic staining showed that SDF‐1α and CXCR4 levels were elevated in samples obtained from periodontally compromised individuals. Similar results were observed in the rodent model. Neutrophil migration was enhanced in the presence of SDF‐1α, mimicking immune cell migration in periodontal lesions. Conclusions: SDF‐1α may be involved in the immune defense pathway activated during periodontal disease. Upon the development of diseased tissues, SDF‐1α levels increase and may recruit host defensive cells into sites of inflammation. These studies suggest that SDF‐1α may be a useful biomarker for the identification of periodontal disease progression.