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Gingival Concentrations of Interleukin‐23 and ‐17 at Healthy Sites and at Sites of Clinical Attachment Loss
Author(s) -
Lester S. Reid,
Bain Jennifer L.,
Johnson Roger B.,
Serio Francis G.
Publication year - 2007
Publication title -
journal of periodontology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.036
H-Index - 156
eISSN - 1943-3670
pISSN - 0022-3492
DOI - 10.1902/jop.2007.060458
Subject(s) - analysis of variance , interleukin 1β , interleukin , tumor necrosis factor alpha , medicine , clinical attachment loss , dentistry , chemistry , cytokine , periodontal disease
Background: The presence of interleukin (IL)‐23 has not been reported within inflamed gingiva, so we evaluated its concentration within gingiva from normal sites and sites of chronic periodontal disease. Methods: Gingiva was obtained prior to extraction of teeth. It was grouped based on clinical attachment loss (CAL): 0 to 2 mm (normal‐slight), 3 to 4 mm (moderate), and >‐ mm (severe). Tissues were solubilized, and IL‐12, ‐23, ‐6, ‐17, and ‐1β; interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ); and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) concentrations were assessed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Data were compared by factorial analysis of variance, post hoc Tukey test, and Pearson correlation test. Groups were defined as significantly different when P <0.05. Results: The gingival concentrations of IL‐23, ‐17, ‐1β, and ‐6 and IFN‐γ were significantly greater at moderate CAL sites than at normal‐slight CAL sites. Gingival concentrations of IL‐23, ‐1β, ‐17, and ‐6 and TNF‐α were significantly greater at severe CAL sites than at normal‐slight CAL sites. In addition, the gingival concentrations of IL‐23, ‐17, and ‐6 and TNF‐α were significantly greater and the gingival concentrations of IL‐12 and IFN‐γ were significantly lower at severe CAL sites than at moderate CAL sites. Gingival concentrations of IL‐23, ‐17, ‐6, and ‐1β and TNF‐α correlated positively with CAL. The IL‐23 gingival concentration correlated significantly with IL‐17, ‐1β, and ‐6 and TNF‐α concentrations and correlated negatively with IL‐12 and IFN‐γ concentrations. Conclusions: Our results suggested the possibility that the IL‐23/IL‐17 immune response was present within chronically inflamed gingiva. This is a host response that had not been reported previously in periodontal disease and may be an important factor in the chronic nature of the disease.