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Periodontal Microbiota in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease Measured by Real‐Time Polymerase Chain Reaction: A Case‐Control Study
Author(s) -
nenmacher Claudia,
Stelzel Michael,
Susin Cristiano,
Sattler Alexander M.,
Schaefer Juergen R.,
Maisch Bernhard,
Mutters Reinier,
FloresdeJacoby Lavin
Publication year - 2007
Publication title -
journal of periodontology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.036
H-Index - 156
eISSN - 1943-3670
pISSN - 0022-3492
DOI - 10.1902/jop.2007.060345
Subject(s) - medicine , coronary artery disease , polymerase chain reaction , periodontal disease , cardiology , dentistry , gastroenterology , biology , genetics , gene
Background: Recent data have shown that periodontal disease may increase the risk of occurrence of coronary heart disease in which inflammation initiated by bacteria and their compounds might be a common causal factor. This case‐control study aimed at studying the relationship between periodontal disease and coronary artery disease (CAD) based on clinical and periodontal microbiologic parameters. Methods: A total of 90 male subjects, 48 to 80 years of age, were included in this study. Forty‐five men had CAD (CAD+), which was confirmed by coronary angiography. Forty‐five age‐matched controls showed no history or symptoms of CAD (CAD−). All subjects underwent a clinical periodontal examination including assessment of tooth loss, probing depth, clinical attachment level, and bleeding on probing. In the CAD+ group, this examination took place 1 day before coronary angiography. Subgingival microbial samples were taken and evaluated by means of real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) for the total amount of bacteria and the following periodontopathogens: Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans , Porphyromonas gingivalis , Prevotella intermedia , Parvimonas micra (formerly Micromonas micros) , Dialister pneumosintes , and Campylobacter rectus . Results: Compared to control subjects, CAD+ subjects had significantly deeper pockets (2.28 mm versus 2.96 mm; P <0.001) and greater attachment loss (2.85 mm versus 3.65 mm; P <0.001), and this difference remained statistically significant after adjusting for smoking. No significant differences were observed between cases and controls with regard to the number of teeth present. P. intermedia was the only periodontal pathogen that showed significantly higher mean counts in CAD+ subjects compared to CAD− subjects. Higher counts of total bacteria, P. micra , D. pneumosintes , and C. rectus were found in the CAD− group. Conclusion: The results suggest that a relationship between periodontal disease and coronary heart disease exists, although P. intermedia was the only periodontopathogen related to CAD.