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Low‐ and High‐Yield Cigarette Smoke Inhalation Potentiates Bone Loss During Ligature‐Induced Periodontitis
Author(s) -
NogueiraFilho Getúlio da R.,
Rosa Bruno Trevisan,
CésarNeto João B.,
Tunes Roberto S.,
Tunes Urbino da R.
Publication year - 2007
Publication title -
journal of periodontology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.036
H-Index - 156
eISSN - 1943-3670
pISSN - 0022-3492
DOI - 10.1902/jop.2007.060323
Subject(s) - periodontitis , ligature , medicine , dentistry , dental alveolus , periodontium , molar , periodontal fiber , inhalation , smoke , cigarette smoke , chemistry , anesthesia , environmental health , organic chemistry
Background: It is well recognized that cigarette consumption is a strong risk factor for periodontitis. Tobacco companies have developed a cigarette with low levels of toxic compounds; however, its effect on periodontium has not been investigated. The aim of this study was to verify the impact of smoke produced by low‐ and high‐yield cigarettes on bone loss resulting from ligature‐induced periodontitis. Methods: A total of 36 male Wistar rats were used in the study. A ligature was placed around one of the mandibular first molars (ligated teeth) of each animal, and they were assigned randomly to one of three groups: group 1: control (N = 10), group 2: 30 days’ inhalation of smoke produced by high‐yield cigarettes (N = 13), and group 3: 30 days’ inhalation of smoke produced by low‐yield cigarettes (N = 13). The animals were sacrificed 30 days after ligature placement, and the specimens were processed for decalcified sections. Results: Intergroup analysis of unligated teeth (without periodontal disease) did not show a significant difference regarding periodontal ligament area (2.40 ± 0.5 mm 2 , 2.72 ± 0.7 mm 2 , and 2.61 ± 0.4 mm 2 for groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively; P >0.05). Conversely, significant differences were noted in ligated teeth (with periodontitis); bone loss was directly proportional to the level of toxic compounds in the cigarettes (5.74 ± 0.5 mm 2 , 7.40 ± 0.50 mm 2 , and 6.51 ± 0.50 mm 2 for groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively; P <0.05). Conclusion: Low‐ and high‐yield cigarettes potentiated bone loss during experimental periodontitis in a directly proportional fashion.