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The Contribution of Interleukin‐13 and ‐15 to the Cytokine Network Within Normal and Diseased Gingiva
Author(s) -
Johnson Roger B.,
Serio Francis G.
Publication year - 2007
Publication title -
journal of periodontology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.036
H-Index - 156
eISSN - 1943-3670
pISSN - 0022-3492
DOI - 10.1902/jop.2007.060204
Subject(s) - gingival sulcus , medicine , gingival and periodontal pocket , gingival margin , interleukin , gingival disease , dentistry , gingival inflammation , cytokine , periodontitis , gingivitis
Background: There are no comparisons of concentrations of interleukin (IL)‐13 and ‐1‐ and gingival sulcular depth within healthy or inflamed gingiva. Study of non‐oral inflammations indicated that IL‐15 has similar functions to IL‐2, and IL‐13 has similar functions to IL‐4 and ‐10. Thus, IL‐13 and ‐15 likely have a function in gingival inflammation. Methods: We compared the concentrations of IL‐13 and ‐1‐ within healthy or inflamed human gingiva to gingival sulcular depth and the concentration of various T‐helper 1 and T‐helper 2 cytokines in a group of Hispanic subjects. Gingival papillae were grouped by the depth of the adjacent gingival sulcus: ≤3 mm (normal); 3 to 6 mm and >6 mm (diseased). The gingival concentrations of IL‐2, ‐4, ‐6, ‐10, ‐13, and ‐15 and interferon (IFN)‐γ were assessed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Results: IL‐2, ‐4, ‐6, ‐10, and ‐13 and IFN‐γ concentrations were higher within gingiva adjacent to 3 to 6 mm diseased compared to normal; IL‐1‐ concentrations were significantly greater within normal gingiva than within diseased gingiva ( P <0.001). Within gingiva adjacent to >6 mm sulci, IL‐6 concentrations were significantly higher than in normal gingiva, and the concentrations of the other cytokines were similar to those in normal gingiva. Gingival IL‐6 concentration correlated significantly with the adjacent gingival sulcular depth, whereas the IL‐15 concentration correlated inversely with the adjacent gingival sulcular depth ( P <0.001). Conclusions: IL‐13, ‐4, and ‐10 had a similar concentration pattern within normal and diseased tissue; however, the concentration pattern of IL‐1‐ was not similar to IL‐2. Relatively low IL‐15 concentrations within diseased gingiva suggest that IL‐15 might have anti‐inflammatory properties.