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Porcine Enamel Protein Fractions Contain Transforming Growth Factor‐β1
Author(s) -
Nagano Takatoshi,
Oida Shinichiro,
Suzuki Shinichi,
Iwata Takanori,
Yamakoshi Yasuo,
Ogata Yorimasa,
Gomi Kazuhiro,
Arai Takashi,
Fukae Makoto
Publication year - 2006
Publication title -
journal of periodontology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.036
H-Index - 156
eISSN - 1943-3670
pISSN - 0022-3492
DOI - 10.1902/jop.2006.050352
Subject(s) - enamel paint , chemistry , alkaline phosphatase , periodontal fiber , transforming growth factor , osteoblast , amelogenin , activator (genetics) , transforming growth factor beta , microbiology and biotechnology , cementogenesis , biochemistry , dentistry , dentin , in vitro , biology , cementum , signal transduction , gene , enzyme , medicine
Background: Enamel extracts are biologically active and capable of inducing osteogenesis and cementogenesis, but the specific molecules carrying these activities have not been ascertained. The purpose of this study was to identify osteogenic factors in porcine enamel extracts. Methods: Enamel proteins were separated by size‐exclusion chromatography into four fractions, which were tested for their osteogenic activity on osteoblast‐like cells (ST2) and human periodontal ligament (HPDL) cells. Results: Fraction 3 (Fr.3) and a transforming growth factor‐beta 1 (TGF‐β1) control reduced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in ST2 but enhanced ALP activity in HPDL cells. The enhanced ALP activity was blocked by anti‐TGF‐β antibodies. Furthermore, using a dual‐luciferase reporter assay, we demonstrated that Fr.3 can induce the promoter activity of the plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI‐1) gene. Conclusion: These results show that the osteoinductive activity of enamel extracts on HPDL cells is mediated by TGF‐β1.