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Anti‐Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Autoantibodies: A Renewed Paradigm in Periodontal Disease Pathogenesis?
Author(s) -
Sharma C.G. Dileep,
Pradeep A.R.
Publication year - 2006
Publication title -
journal of periodontology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.036
H-Index - 156
eISSN - 1943-3670
pISSN - 0022-3492
DOI - 10.1902/jop.2006.050308
Subject(s) - pathogenesis , autoantibody , autoimmunity , immunology , periodontal disease , disease , proinflammatory cytokine , medicine , mechanism (biology) , autoimmune disease , inflammation , immune system , pathology , antibody , philosophy , epistemology
In the past, various models including the autoimmunity model have been proposed to explain the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases. The aim of this review is to introduce the pathogenic role of anti‐neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ANCAs) in various autoimmune diseases and compare these conditions with periodontal disease to elucidate common pathogenic mechanisms. Also, a novel model to explain the pathogenesis of periodontal disease based on the concept of ANCA‐associated autoimmunity is proposed. This encompasses a wide array of biochemical mediators that range from direct and indirect initiators of ANCA production and eventual release of proinflammatory mediators and free radicals, all of which have been implicated in periodontal tissue destruction in the past. In addition, specific links between the typical ANCA‐associated diseases and periodontal disease are discussed. Finally, a new paradigm in the periodontal disease‐associated destruction is proposed that includes the currently accepted mechanism, namely, the genetic‐microbial‐host interactions.