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Therapeutic Versus Prophylactic Plus Therapeutic Administration of Omega‐3 Fatty Acid on Endotoxin‐Induced Periodontitis in Rats
Author(s) -
Vardar Saynur,
Buduneli Eralp,
Türkog͠lu Oya,
Berdeli Afig Hüseyinov,
Baylas Haluk,
Başkesen Aykut,
Atilla Gül
Publication year - 2004
Publication title -
journal of periodontology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.036
H-Index - 156
eISSN - 1943-3670
pISSN - 0022-3492
DOI - 10.1902/jop.2004.75.12.1640
Subject(s) - periodontitis , medicine , therapeutic effect , omega 3 fatty acid , pharmacology , administration (probate law) , fatty acid , chemistry , biochemistry , polyunsaturated fatty acid , docosahexaenoic acid , political science , law
Background: The aim of the present study was 1) to evaluate the possible effects of therapeutic usage of omega‐3 fatty acid on the gingival tissue levels of prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ), prostaglandin F 2α (PGF 2α ), platelet activating factor (PAF), and leukotriene B 4 (LTB 4 ) in endotoxin‐induced periodontitis in rats and 2) to investigate whether prophylactic usage provides any additional benefits to therapeutic doses of omega‐3 fatty acid. Methods: Experimental periodontitis was induced by repeated injection of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Thirty‐six adult male Sprague‐Dawley rats were divided into four study groups: 1) saline controls; 2) LPS; 3) therapeutic omega‐3 fatty acid (TO3); and 4) prophylactic plus therapeutic omega‐3 fatty acid (P + TO3) groups. In TO3 group, omega‐3 fatty acid was given for 15 days following induction of experimental periodontitis. In P + TO3 group, omega‐3 fatty acid was started 15 days before baseline, and then periodontitis was induced at baseline and omega‐3 fatty acid was continued for 15 days after baseline. On day 15 after baseline, all rats were anesthetized and sacrificed. PGE 2 , PGF 2α , and LTB 4 levels in gingival tissue samples were analyzed by enzyme immunoassay and PAF levels were analyzed by radioimmonoassay. Data were evaluated statistically by using parametric tests. Results: LPS injection resulted in significant amount of bone loss ( P <0.05). Neither therapeutic nor prophylactic plus therapeutic administration of omega‐3 fatty acid with the doses and duration of therapy used in the present study was effective in preventing endotoxin‐induced alveolar bone loss. TO3 group exhibited significant decreases in the gingival tissue levels of PGE 2 , PGF 2α , LTB 4 , and PAF compared to the LPS group ( P <0.05). PGE 2 and PGF 2α levels in TO3 group were similar to those of the saline group ( P >0.05), while LTB 4 and PAF levels were statistically higher than the saline group ( P <0.05). Prophylactic plus therapeutic usage of omega‐3 fatty acid provided similar levels of all these mediators to those of the saline controls ( P >0.05). Conclusions: Therapeutic omega‐3 fatty acid significantly reduced the gingival tissue levels of PGE 2 , PGF 2α , LTB 4 , and PAF in experimental periodontitis. Furthermore, prophylactic usage of omega‐3 fatty acid provided additional beneficial effects to the therapeutic administration by decreasing the gingival tissue levels of these mediators to levels of healthy tissue. These findings should be verified by longitudinal clinical trials investigating clinical and biochemical periodontal parameters to better define the possible role of omega‐3 fatty acids in periodontal treatment. J Periodontol 2004;75:1640‐1646 .