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Periodontal Disease and Preterm Birth: Results of a Pilot Intervention Study
Author(s) -
Jeffcoat Marjorie K.,
Hauth John C.,
Geurs Nico C.,
Reddy Michael S.,
Cliver Suzanne P.,
Hodgkins Pamela M.,
Goldenberg Robert L.
Publication year - 2003
Publication title -
journal of periodontology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.036
H-Index - 156
eISSN - 1943-3670
pISSN - 0022-3492
DOI - 10.1902/jop.2003.74.8.1214
Subject(s) - medicine , scaling and root planing , placebo , metronidazole , bacterial vaginosis , periodontitis , population , randomized controlled trial , prospective cohort study , pregnancy , gestation , obstetrics , gynecology , chronic periodontitis , antibiotics , genetics , alternative medicine , pathology , microbiology and biotechnology , biology , environmental health
Background: Previous case‐control and prospective studies have shown an association between the presence of periodontitis and the risk of preterm birth (PTB). The goal of this pilot trial was to determine the feasibility of conducting a trial to determine whether treatment of periodontitis reduces the risk of spontaneous preterm birth (SPTB). Methods: Three hundred sixty‐six (366) women with periodontitis between 21 and 25 weeks' gestation were recruited and randomized to one of three treatment groups with stratifi‐ cation on the following two factors: 1) previous SPTB at <35 weeks and 2) body mass index <19.8 or bacterial vaginosis as assessed by gram stain. The treatment groups consisted of: 1) dental prophylaxis plus placebo capsule; 2) scaling and root planing (SRP) plus placebo capsule; and 3) SRP plus metronidazole capsule (250 mg t.i.d. for one week). An additional group of 723 pregnant women meeting the same criteria for periodontitis and enrolled in a prospective study served as an untreated reference group. Results: The rate of PTB at <35 weeks was 4.9% in the prophylaxis group, compared to 3.3% in the SRP plus metronidazole group and 0.8% in the SRP plus placebo group ( P = 0.75 and 0.12, respectively). The rate of PTB at <35 weeks was 6.3% in the reference group. Conclusions: This trial indicates that performing SRP in pregnant women with periodontitis may reduce PTB in this population. Adjunctive metronidazole therapy did not improve pregnancy outcome. Larger trials will be needed to achieve statistical significance, especially at less than 35 weeks gestational age. J Periodontol 2003;74:1214‐1218 .