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Effects of Metronidazole on Periodontal Treatment Needs
Author(s) -
Loesche Walter J.,
Schmidt Edgar,
Smith Billy A.,
Morrison Edith C.,
Caffesse Raul,
Hujoel Philippe P.
Publication year - 1991
Publication title -
journal of periodontology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.036
H-Index - 156
eISSN - 1943-3670
pISSN - 0022-3492
DOI - 10.1902/jop.1991.62.4.247
Subject(s) - metronidazole , dentistry , medicine , antibiotics , microbiology and biotechnology , biology
P eriodontitis, a common cause of tooth loss in adult populations, is an inflammatory response to the overgrowth of anaerobic organisms such as spirochetes and bacteroides and, in some cases, micro‐aerophilic organisms in the subgingival plaque. In the present investigation, using a double‐blind clinical design, we sought to determine whether 1 week of metronidazole treatment plus debridement of the tooth surfaces was superior to 1 week of placebo treatment plus debridement (positive control) in reducing the subsequent amount of periodontal surgery given to the patients. Thirty‐nine patients were randomly assigned to either the metronidazole or placebo (positive control) groups. All patients were given the necessary scaling and root planing and were unsupervised in their usage of the medication. After the completion of this treatment, they were reexamined and it was found that the metronidazole regimen caused a significant reduction in surgical needs of about 5 teeth per patient compared to the positive control (difference before and after treatment 8.3 ± 6.8 teeth metronidazole versus 2.9 ± 4.8 positive control, P = 0.007). The difference between groups was maintained during the 2 to 3 years' recall period. Metronidazole had a significant effect on the site specific reduction of spirochetes: 90% of the sites in the metronidazole group versus 64% in the positivecontrol group had a decrease in the percentage of spirochetes ( P < 0.05). We conclude that systemic metronidazole given 250 mg tid for 7 days in conjunction with debridement of the tooth surfaces can significantly reduce the need for periodontal surgery compared to the standard regimen which included only debridement. J Periodontol; 1991; 62:247– 257 .