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SHOCK‐INDUCED THREAT AND BITING BY THE TURTLE 1
Author(s) -
Fraser David,
Spigel Irwin M.
Publication year - 1971
Publication title -
journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.75
H-Index - 61
eISSN - 1938-3711
pISSN - 0022-5002
DOI - 10.1901/jeab.1971.16-349
Subject(s) - turtle (robot) , biting , shock (circulatory) , computer science , psychology , biology , medicine , ecology , artificial intelligence
Shock‐induced biting and threat by the male painted turtle ( Chrysemys picta marginata ) were studied in three experiments. When restrained facing each other, the turtles threatened and bit other turtles in response to electric shock. Shock alone caused turtles to threaten an unshocked turtle; the movements of a shocked turtle were sufficient to cause an unshocked but restrained turtle to threaten. When the turtles were free to move, they avoided an encounter when shocked, even reversing a strong position preference in order to do so.