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RATE CHANGES AFTER UNSCHEDULED OMISSION AND PRESENTATION OF REINFORCEMENT
Author(s) -
Zimmerman Donald W.
Publication year - 1971
Publication title -
journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.75
H-Index - 61
eISSN - 1938-3711
pISSN - 0022-5002
DOI - 10.1901/jeab.1971.15-261
Subject(s) - lever , reinforcement , stimulus (psychology) , psychology , schedule , stimulus control , audiology , social psychology , computer science , cognitive psychology , medicine , neuroscience , physics , quantum mechanics , operating system , nicotine
Changes in response rate similar to frustration effects were studied in a two‐lever situation. Responding on one lever on a fixed‐interval schedule produced access to water for 5 sec and an exteroceptive stimulus. In the presence of this stimulus, responding on another lever on a fixed‐interval schedule produced access to water for 5 sec and terminated the stimulus. Occasional omission of a previously scheduled reinforcer after responding on the first lever resulted consistently in increases in rate on the second lever during the immediately succeeding interval. In another procedure, occasional presentation of a previously unscheduled reinforcer after responding on the first lever resulted consistently in decreases in rate on the second lever during the immediately succeeding interval. Changes occurred after the first omissions or presentations and were about the same in magnitude as the procedure continued over several sessions. Typically, an increase or decrease in rate was maintained throughout an entire 100‐sec interval. Changes in rate on the second lever of approximately the same magnitude also occurred when rate on the first lever was near‐zero under a schedule that differentially reinforced behavior other than lever pressing.