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A PRELIMINARY EVALUATION OF THE EMERGENCE OF NOVEL MAND FORMS
Author(s) -
Hernandez Emma,
Hanley Gregory P.,
Ingvarsson Einar T.,
Tiger Jeffrey H.
Publication year - 2007
Publication title -
journal of applied behavior analysis
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.1
H-Index - 76
eISSN - 1938-3703
pISSN - 0021-8855
DOI - 10.1901/jaba.2007.96-05
Subject(s) - mand , psychology , multiple baseline design , reinforcement , word (group theory) , differential reinforcement , differential effects , nonverbal communication , cognitive psychology , developmental psychology , communication , autism , social psychology , linguistics , intervention (counseling) , medicine , philosophy , psychiatry
Strategies that produce generalized responding are valuable, especially with regard to language acquisition, because relatively little training may result in large behavior changes. Conditions that result in generalized manding were analyzed in the current study. We demonstrated in reversal designs that undesirable or single‐word responses were the predominant mand forms of 3 preschool children. Multiple baseline designs with 2 participants and a reversal design with 1 participant were then used to demonstrate the extent to which differential reinforcement of single‐word mands (e.g., “cars”) or framed mands (e.g., “I want the cars, please”) would result in the emergence of other single‐word and framed mands for different items (e.g., mands for music, puppets, or puzzles). Results showed that prompting and differential reinforcement of one or two mand frames resulted in the emergence of other framed mands for all participants.