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PRIMARY ENCOPRESIS: EVALUATION AND TREATMENT
Author(s) -
O'Brien Shirley,
Ross Linda V.,
Christophersen Edward R.
Publication year - 1986
Publication title -
journal of applied behavior analysis
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.1
H-Index - 76
eISSN - 1938-3703
pISSN - 0021-8855
DOI - 10.1901/jaba.1986.19-137
Subject(s) - encopresis , psychology , developmental psychology , clinical psychology , psychiatry , enuresis
Cathartic and behavioral treatment procedures for eliminating diurnal and nocturnal primary encopresis were investigated using a multiple‐baseline design across four children. The dependent and independent variables measured were appropriate bowel movements, soiling accidents, independent toiletings, and cathartic use. Over 177 reliability observations (home visits) were conducted. For two of the children, treatment with cathartics and child‐time remedied their soiling accidents and increased their independent toiletings in 8 to 11 weeks. While the cathartics and child‐time increased the rate of appropriate bowel movements, they did not eliminate the soiling accidents with the other two children. Independent toiletings for these two children were achieved after 32 to 39 weeks of treatment when punishment procedures (positive practice, time‐out, and hourly toilet sits) were incorporated and the suppositories were faded systematically.