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Nanomaterials in the environment: Behavior, fate, bioavailability, and effects
Author(s) -
Klaine Stephen J.,
Alvarez Pedro J. J.,
Batley Graeme E.,
Fernandes Teresa F.,
Handy Richard D.,
Lyon Delina Y.,
Mahendra Shaily,
McLaughlin Michael J.,
Lead Jamie R.
Publication year - 2008
Publication title -
environmental toxicology and chemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.1
H-Index - 171
eISSN - 1552-8618
pISSN - 0730-7268
DOI - 10.1897/08-090.1
Subject(s) - environmental science , nanotechnology , biochemical engineering , engineering , materials science
The recent advances in nanotechnology and the corresponding increase in the use of nanomaterials in products in every sector of society have resulted in uncertainties regarding environmental impacts. The objectives of this review are to introduce the key aspects pertaining to nanomaterials in the environment and to discuss what is known concerning their fate, behavior, disposition, and toxicity, with a particular focus on those that make up manufactured nanomaterials. This review critiques existing nanomaterial research in freshwater, marine, and soil environments. It illustrates the paucity of existing research and demonstrates the need for additional research. Environmental scientists are encouraged to base this research on existing studies on colloidal behavior and toxicology. The need for standard reference and testing materials as well as methodology for suspension preparation and testing is also discussed.