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Application of statistical experimental design and multivariate data analysis for evaluation of mixtures using cytochrome P4501A induction
Author(s) -
Jensen Maria Helene Steinnes,
Krøkje Åse
Publication year - 2008
Publication title -
environmental toxicology and chemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.1
H-Index - 171
eISSN - 1552-8618
pISSN - 0730-7268
DOI - 10.1897/07-187.1
Subject(s) - pyrene , benzo(a)pyrene , chemistry , cadmium , response surface methodology , pollutant , cytochrome p450 , environmental chemistry , chromatography , biochemistry , enzyme , organic chemistry
Cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) induction was evaluated in the rat hepatoma cell line H4IIE as a biomarker of exposure to organic compounds. The 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐tetrazoliumbromide assay was performed to assess the viability of cells exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of cadmium. Cadmium concentrations greater than approximately 0.7 μM were found to affect cell viability. Cells were exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of 3,3′,4,4′‐tetrachlorobiphenyl (PCB 77) or benzo[ a ]pyrene (B a P) and to combinations of PCB 77, B a P, and cadmium based on a statistical experimental design. Quantification of CYP1A proteins using Western blot analysis showed that both B a P and PCB 77 induced CYP1A in a concentration‐dependent manner up to 5 μM. Response surface modeling for evaluation of the combined effect of compounds was conducted using the multivariate regression model projection to latent structures (PLS). Analysis of response surface models for the ternary mixtures indicated antagonistic interactions between B a P and PCB 77 and a possible inhibitory effect of cadmium on PCB 77‐induced CYP1A. Use of CYP1A induction in the H4IIE cell line with immunodetection of CYP1A proteins, combined with the application of response surface design and PLS, is shown to be a suitable strategy for evaluating combined effects in pollutant mixtures.