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Predicting single and mixture toxicity of petrogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to the copepod Oithona davisae
Author(s) -
Barata Carlos,
Calbet Albert,
Saiz Enric,
Ortiz Laura,
Bayona Josep Maria
Publication year - 2005
Publication title -
environmental toxicology and chemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.1
H-Index - 171
eISSN - 1552-8618
pISSN - 0730-7268
DOI - 10.1897/05-189r.1
Subject(s) - phenanthrene , copepod , chemistry , environmental chemistry , toxicity , naphthalene , pyrene , partition coefficient , polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon , ecotoxicology , acute toxicity , chromatography , ecology , biology , organic chemistry , crustacean
In the present study, the acute toxicity of 10 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) associated with the Prestige fuel oil spill (Spain, 2002) were evaluated, either as single substances or in mixtures, in adults of the copepod Oithona davisae . All but dimethylphenanthrene had negative effects on O. davisae survival at concentrations below their water solubility, with 48‐h median lethal concentrations for naphthalene and pyrene of 56.1 and 0.8 μmol/L, respectively, making these the least and most toxic compounds. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons had narcotic effects on copepods, as evidenced by the lack of motility at lower concentrations than those causing death. Naphthalene showed the greatest narcotic effects, and phenanthrene showed minor effects. Acute toxicity of the tested PAHs was inversely related ( r 2 = 0.9) with their octanol—water partition coefficient, thereby confirming the validity of the baseline quantitative structure—activity regression models for predicting the toxicity of PAH compounds in copepod species. When supplied in mixtures, the toxic effect of PAHs was additive. These results indicate that the many PAHs in an oil spill can be considered unambiguous baseline toxicants (class 1) acting additively as nonpolar narcotics in copepods; hence, their individual and combined toxicity can be predicted using their octanol—water partition coefficient.