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Reduction in acute toxicity of soils to terrestrial oligochaetes following the removal of bioavailable polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with mild supercritical carbon dioxide extraction
Author(s) -
Hawthorne Steven B.,
Lanno Roman,
Kreitinger Joseph P.
Publication year - 2005
Publication title -
environmental toxicology and chemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.1
H-Index - 171
eISSN - 1552-8618
pISSN - 0730-7268
DOI - 10.1897/04-544r.1
Subject(s) - environmental chemistry , bioavailability , chemistry , eisenia fetida , supercritical fluid extraction , extraction (chemistry) , supercritical carbon dioxide , carbon dioxide , supercritical fluid , toxicity , acute toxicity , soil water , contamination , polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon , chromatography , environmental science , organic chemistry , ecology , biology , bioinformatics , soil science
Three soil samples contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) that caused 100% mortality to terrestrial oligochaetes were extracted with supercritical carbon dioxide to remove the bioavailable fraction of PAHs. Although the remaining PAH concentrations were high after supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), 650 to 8,000 mg/kg, acute toxicity to Eisenia fetida and Enchytraeus albidus essentially was eliminated. These results demonstrate that mild SFE with pure carbon dioxide preferentially extracts PAH molecules that are bioavailable toxicologically to the oligochaetes, although biologically unavailable PAHs are not extracted, suggesting that SFE could be used for the removal of toxicity due to hydrophobic organic chemicals in soils during toxicity identification evaluations.