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Solid‐phase microextraction for predicting the bioavailability of 2,4,6‐trinitrotoluene and its primary transformation products in sediment and water
Author(s) -
Conder Jason M.,
La Point Thomas W.
Publication year - 2005
Publication title -
environmental toxicology and chemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.1
H-Index - 171
eISSN - 1552-8618
pISSN - 0730-7268
DOI - 10.1897/04-484r.1
Subject(s) - tubifex tubifex , sediment , environmental chemistry , bioavailability , chemistry , amendment , tubifex , trinitrotoluene , total organic carbon , chromatography , ecology , biology , organic chemistry , explosive material , paleontology , bioinformatics , political science , law
Disposable solid‐phase microextraction fibers (SPMEs) were used to measure the availability of 2,4,6‐trinitrotoluene (TNT) and its two primary transformation products, 2‐amino‐4,6‐dinitrotoluene (2ADNT) and 4‐amino‐2,6‐dinitrotoluene (4ADNT). The SPMEs (85‐μm polyacrylate) and sediment‐dwelling oligochaetes ( Tubifex tubifex ) were exposed to TNT‐spiked sediment, to TNT‐spiked sediment amended with activated carbon, and to TNT‐, 2ADNT‐, and 4ADNT‐spiked water. Sediment concentration was a poor predictor of bioavailability in unamended and carbon‐amended sediments ( r 2 = 0.14–0.73) The activated carbon amendment reduced the bioavailability of compounds in carbon‐amended sediment, causing the relationships between Tubifex concentrations and sediment concentrations to differ significantly between unamended and carbon‐amended sediment for all compounds. In contrast, SPME TNT concentrations predicted Tubifex TNT concentrations ( r 2 = 0.54–0.79), and regression models did not differ significantly among the three TNT‐spiked matrices. The SPME 2ADNT and 4ADNT concentrations also were predictive of Tubifex 2ADNT and 4ADNT concentrations ( r 2 = 0.44–0.90). Relationships between Tubifex concentrations and SPME concentrations were the same between unamended and carbon‐amended TNT‐spiked sediments for 2ADNT and 4ADNT; however, the relationship in sediment (pooled data) differed from the relationship found in 2ADNT‐ and 4‐ADNT‐spiked water. The SPMEs provided carbon amendment‐independent measures of ADNT availability in sediment and matrix‐independent measures of TNT availability among the three matrices. The SPMEs show promise for predicting bioavailable organic compounds in sediment and water.