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The relationship between disinfection by‐product formation and structural characteristics of humic substances in chloramination
Author(s) -
Wu Wells W.,
Chadik Paul A.,
Delfino Joseph J.
Publication year - 2003
Publication title -
environmental toxicology and chemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.1
H-Index - 171
eISSN - 1552-8618
pISSN - 0730-7268
DOI - 10.1897/02-542
Subject(s) - chloramination , chemistry , humic acid , haloacetic acids , environmental chemistry , bromide , nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy , carbon 13 nmr , aqueous solution , chlorine , organic chemistry , chloramine , fertilizer
The influence of structural characteristics of humic substances on disinfection by‐product (DBP) formation was investigated for seven humic substances isolated from aquatic and terrestrial sources. The structural characterizations included 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance ( 13 C NMR) spectroscopy and ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy. The aqueous humic substances were chloraminated at pH 7.0 and 8.5, with and without the presence of the bromide ion, and analyzed for total organic halogen (TOX), trihalomethanes (THMs), and haloacetic acids (HAAs). Aromatic contents determined by 13 C NMR and differential UV absorbance at 254 nm statistically correlated with TOX formation for the humic substances investigated at p < 0.08. In contrast, a lack of correlation was observed for THM and HAA formation and these parameters. This paper also compiles relevant literature and discusses the contrasting reaction response of DBP precursor material to chlorination and chloramination.