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PLANNED FLOODING AND COLORADO RIVER RIPARIAN TRADE‐OFFS DOWNSTREAM FROM GLEN CANYON DAM, ARIZONA
Author(s) -
Stevens Lawrence E.,
Ayers Tina J.,
Bennett Jeffery B.,
Christensen Kerry,
Kearsley Michael J. C.,
Meretsky Vicky J.,
Phillips Arthur M.,
Parnell Roderic A.,
Spence John,
Sogge Mark K.,
Springer Abraham E.,
Wegner David L.
Publication year - 2001
Publication title -
ecological applications
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.864
H-Index - 213
eISSN - 1939-5582
pISSN - 1051-0761
DOI - 10.1890/1051-0761(2001)011[0701:pfacrr]2.0.co;2
Subject(s) - riparian zone , environmental science , habitat , floodplain , wetland , ecology , hydrology (agriculture) , geography , geology , geotechnical engineering , biology
Regulated river restoration through planned flooding involves trade‐offs between aquatic and terrestrial components, between relict pre‐dam and novel post‐dam resources and processes, and between management of individual resources and ecosystem characteristics. We review the terrestrial (wetland and riparian) impacts of a 1274 m 3 /s test flood conducted by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation in March/April 1996, which was designed to improve understanding of sediment transport and management downstream from Glen Canyon Dam in the Colorado River ecosystem. The test flood successfully restored sandbars throughout the river corridor and was timed to prevent direct impacts to species of concern. A total of 1275 endangered Kanab ambersnail ( Oxyloma haydeni kanabensis ) were translocated above the flood zone at Vaseys Paradise spring, and an estimated 10.7% of the total snail habitat and 7.7% of the total snail population were lost to the flood. The test flood scoured channel margin wetlands, including potential foraging habitats of endangered Southwestern Willow Flycatcher ( Empidonax traillii extimus ). It also buried ground‐covering riparian vegetation under >1 m of fine sand but only slightly altered woody sandbar vegetation and some return‐current channel marshes. Pre‐flood control efforts and appropriate flood timing limited recruitment of four common nonnative perennial plant species. Slight impacts on ethnobotanical resources were detected >430 km downstream, but those plant assemblages recovered rapidly. Careful design of planned flood hydrograph shape and seasonal timing is required to mitigate terrestrial impacts during efforts to restore essential fluvial geomorphic and aquatic habitats in regulated river ecosystems.