Scientist and State: Toward a Typology of Humanitarian Behavior Models in a Non-Free Society

The theme of the scientist's attitude to the political regime has recently drown considerable attention of researchers in the history of science, and especially in the humanities sciences. The article contains an analysis of behavior patterns under the Soviet regime of two famous Soviet historians: D. Alshits and A. Nekricha. With all the peculiarities of their behavior in relation to the authorities, both historians defended their scientific positions and their right to criticize the Soviet system. The models of behavior they have chosen represent options for the humanities intellectual to resist political pressure and scientific dictate from the authoritarian government.