Open Access
INTERGENERATIONAL ECONOMIC MOBILITY: THE CASE OF NORTH-WESTERN PAKISTAN
Author(s) -
Ansa Javed Khan,
Sajjad Ahmad Jan,
Jawad Rahim Afridi,
Arshia Hashmi,
Muhammad Azeem Ahmed
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
humanities and social sciences reviews
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
ISSN - 2395-6518
DOI - 10.18510/hssr.2021.93141
Subject(s) - tribe , geography , identity (music) , socioeconomics , collateral , economic growth , khyber pakhtunkhwa , demographics , demographic economics , business , sociology , economics , demography , finance , physics , acoustics , anthropology
Purpose of the Study: The research aimed to investigate the role of tribal identity in the economic mobility of the people in the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Tribal identity is an important determinant of socio-status among the people living in the province and the adjacent areas bordering Afghanistan. This research argues that membership of a tribe either facilitates or constrains the upward economic mobility of people in this part of Pakistan.
Methodology: To affirm the aforementioned arguments, the research has used primary data composed of 61 households through random sampling technique via formal survey from an important and representative town of the province, i.e., Utmanzai, District Charsadda. Two kinds of analysis were employed for estimation purposes. First, the demographics profile was used and second econometrics techniques of Principle Component Analysis and Simple Regression Model were used.
Main Findings: The findings of the research study showed that tribal identity is a significant factor in determining the economic mobility among the people of the town because the majority tribe has better access to education particularly at a higher level of education. The findings obtained from the employment level shows lack of decent employment opportunities for minority tribe. It was also found that the majority tribe has more access to credit facilities while minority tribe accessing and availing of credit easy while minority tribe found access to credit difficult for the reason of low-income levels, lack of collateral, and high-interest rate.
Applications of the Study: The current study contributes to knowledge by explaining intergenerational economic mobility through tribal identity even though they profess the same religion, speak the same language, belong to the same ethnic group, and have the same skin color.
Novelty/Originality of this study: The study finds that people’s socioeconomic attributes are highly dependent upon their tribal identity.