Moral Problems in Russian Neo-Kantianism: The Specifics of the Formation of Transcendental Philosophy in Russia

The article is devoted to the complex problem of the development of Russian Neo-Kantianism in the context of the history of transcendental philosophy. The general tendency of the development of transcendental philosophy in the form of “the history of motives”, identified on the basis of historical and philosophical analysis, is outlined. The formation of Russian Neo-Kantianism as an original creative direction is the result of its development in the context of German Neo-Kantian methodology and the pursuit of Russian philosophers for independent thinking. The specificity of moral issues and its originality are most clearly reflected in the writings of Russian Neo-Kantians, starting with A. I. Vvedensky. Nevertheless, the general vector of development of their views is consistent with European philosophical tradition. B. A. Focht and V. E. Sezeman deal with the problems of the transcendental method, and S. I. Hessen directs his efforts to the formation of the philosophy of education on the principles of critical idealism of I. Kant. The novelty of the study consists in the identification of the specifics of the Russian NeoKantian methodological approach in the context of the development of transcendental philosophy project. Particular attention is paid to the problem of the relationship between freedom and responsibility, the specifics of the disclosure of the “principle of obligation”. In conclusion, it is noted that a characteristic feature of Russian neo-Kantianism is the rethinking of the inextricability of a holistic worldview and the complementarity of three “Critics” of I. Kant.