Open AccessInvolvement of Regucalcin in Protein Synthesis and Proteolysis: Regulation of the Enzyme Activity in the Cytoplasm and Nucleus
Author(s) -
Masayoshi Yamaguchi
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
integrative biomedical sciences
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
ISSN - 2469-4096
DOI - 10.18314/gjbs.v1i2.52
Subject(s) - biology , signal transduction , calcium binding protein , cytoplasm , microbiology and biotechnology , nuclear protein , gene expression , calmodulin , protein biosynthesis , biochemistry , gene , enzyme , chemistry , calcium , transcription factor , organic chemistry
Regucalcin was discovered in 1978 as a novel calcium-binding protein. The name, regucalcin, was proposed for this calcium-binding protein, which regulates various Ca 2+- or Ca 2+ /calmodulin-dependent enzyme activations. The regucalcin gene (gene symbol;rgn) is localized on the X chromosome. Regucalcin has been demonstrated to play a multifunctional role in the regulation of intracellular calcium homeostasis, signal transduction, gene expression, cell proliferation and apoptosis in various types of cells and tissues. The cytoplasmic regucalcin translocases to the nucleus and suppresses nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis. Moreover, regucalcin has been shown to reveal a suppressive effect on protein synthesis and a stimulatory effect on protein degradation. Regucalcin has been found to inhibit aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase and activate thiol protease. Â Regucalcin may play a suppressive role in the regulation of protein turnover in cells.