Open AccessA classification of semi-fragile watermarking systems for JPEG images
Author(s) -
Anna Egorova,
Victor Fedoseev
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
kompʹûternaâ optika
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.491
H-Index - 29
eISSN - 2412-6179
pISSN - 0134-2452
DOI - 10.18287/2412-6179-2019-43-3-419-433
Subject(s) - digital watermarking , watermark , jpeg , embedding , computer science , artificial intelligence , authentication (law) , computer vision , computer security , pattern recognition (psychology) , image (mathematics)
The article discusses semi-fragile digital watermarking systems designed to protect JPEG images against unauthorized changes. These systems allow detecting and locating changes, and some of them are able to restore the original content. Formal schemes describing the procedures for watermark embedding and authentication are given. We consider more than a dozen systems of this type and classify them according to various criteria. We also consider the results of experimental studies of these systems estimating their level of distortions arising from watermark embedding. In addition, we test the systems whether they are able to operate in the semi-fragile wayю