Open AccessOcular manifestations of internal carotid artery dissection
Author(s) -
Jin-Xin Song,
Xiaolan Lin,
Zhao-Qin Hao,
Songdi Wu,
Yong-Xin Xing
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
international journal of ophthalmology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.634
H-Index - 29
eISSN - 2227-4898
pISSN - 2222-3959
DOI - 10.18240/ijo.2019.05.21
Subject(s) - medicine , icad , dissection (medical) , palsy , horner syndrome , internal carotid artery , hematoma , carotid artery dissection , ischemia , surgery , occlusion , radiology , cardiology , pathology , biochemistry , chemistry , alternative medicine , gene
Internal carotid artery dissection (ICAD) results from disruption of the intima of the arterial wall, and can lead to intrusion of blood into the arterial wall and form an intramural hematoma. The hematoma can compress the true lumen of the vessel, causing functional stenosis or occlusion. The classic triad signs of ICAD include pain in the ipsilateral neck, head and orbital regions; a (partial) Horner syndrome; and cerebral or retinal ischemia. However, not all ICAD patients present with this classic signs. In some cases, ocular manifestations are the initial (and sometimes the only) findings. We summarize the ocular manifestations associated with ICAD in 3 categories: visual symptoms, oculosympathetic palsy, and ocular motor nerve palsy.