Open AccessThe role of Toll-like receptors in retinal ischemic diseases
Author(s) -
W. Xu,
Yusheng Wang
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
international journal of ophthalmology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.634
H-Index - 29
eISSN - 2227-4898
pISSN - 2222-3959
DOI - 10.18240/ijo.2016.09.19
Subject(s) - retina , medicine , retinopathy of prematurity , receptor , diabetic retinopathy , retinal , signal transduction , pathogenesis , ischemia , retinopathy , toll like receptor , muller glia , microbiology and biotechnology , immunology , neuroscience , innate immune system , biology , ophthalmology , progenitor cell , genetics , endocrinology , pregnancy , stem cell , diabetes mellitus , gestational age
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are commonly referred to a series of evolutionary conserved receptors which recognize and respond to various microbes and endogenous ligands. Growing evidence has demonstrated that the expression of TLRs in the retina is regulated during retinal ischemic diseases, including ischemia-reperfusion injury, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy (DR) and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). TLRs can be expressed in multiple cells in the retina, such as glial cells, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), as well as photoreceptor cells and endothelium cells. Activation of TLRs in retina could initiate a complex signal transduction cascade, induce the production of inflammatory cytokines and regulate the level of co-stimulatory molecules, which play prominent roles in the pathogenesis of retinal ischemic diseases. In this review, we summarized current studies about the relationship between TLRs and ischemic retinopathy. A greater understanding of the effect of TLRs on ischemic injuries may contribute to the development of specific TLR targeted therapeutic strategies in these conditions.